Neural Dynamics of Attention and Action During 3D Object Tracking

Goal-directed behavior often requires tracking and interacting with moving 3D objects. Object tracking relies on attention; however, the neural mechanisms of attention are primarily studied using 2D static objects and minimal motor responses, meaning the neural basis of interaction with dynamic 3D objects is poorly understood. We addressed this using a VR task inspired by the game Beat Saber, where participants (n=34) intercepted targets using virtual lightsabers while we recorded brain activity using electroencephalography. We manipulated action planning by manipulating whether participants could pre-select the hand required to correctly intercept the target. Results show that action planning modulates spatially selective activity in beta and theta bands, associated with motor and cognitive control, respectively. Our results characterize the interplay of attention and action in dynamic 3D space, providing insight into the cognitive mechanisms that support complex, real-world behavior.