Analysis of Reference Electrodes for at Home Preemptive Kidney Failure Diagnosis

Biosensing is a rapidly advancing field at the intersection of biology, chemistry, and engineering, enabling the detection and analysis of biological substances through compact, real-time sensor systems. Biosensors consist of a biological recognition element (such as enzymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids) and a transducer that converts the biological interaction into a measurable signal. These technologies have revolutionized diagnostics and health monitoring by allowing non-invasive, continuous, at home vital biomarkers. One of the most overlooked and best ways to sense biometric data at home is through urine sensing. pH measurements in urine sensing can give vital insights into a patient’s kidney health, possibly preventing kidney failure and other kidney related diseases. pH sensing is a difficult electrochemical measurement to take for long durations. A stable, durable reference electrode is crucial for accurate and predictable data.